Efficient Usage of a One-Channel Receiver for Receiving Multi-Channel Transmission

ABSTRACT

Embodiments provide a data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of copending International Application No. PCT/EP2018/080777, filed Nov. 9, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and additionally claims priority from German Application No. 10 2017 220 063.4, filed Nov. 10, 2017, which is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments relate to a data transmitter and to a data receiver for the telegram splitting transmission method. Some embodiments relate to an efficient usage of a one-channel receiver for receiving multi-channel transmission. Some embodiments relate to a system for digitally transmitting data via a radio transmission system, wherein the transmitted data can be transmitted in several sub-frequency channels of the entire bandwidth available. In particular, embodiments are suitable for being used in the so-called “telegram splitting multiple access” access method.

“Telegram splitting multiple access” (TSMA) is known from DE 10 2011 082 098 B4. In TSMA, the transmission of a message (data packet) is subdivided into a plurality of short sub-data packets (bursts) between which there are transmission-free time intervals of respective different durations. The sub-data packets are distributed over both time and the frequency channels available in accordance with a pseudo-random principle. This is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1.

In detail, FIG. 1 shows an exemplary occupancy of the transmission channel when transmitting a message by means of telegram splitting multiple access (TSMA) in a diagram. As can be recognized in FIG. 1, the plurality of sub-data packets 142 can be transmitted in a manner distributed over both time and several frequency channels.

In [G. Kilian, M. Breiling, H. H. Petkov, H. Lieske, F. Beer, J. Robert, and A. Neuberger, “Increasing Transmission Reliability for Telemetry Systems Using Telegram Splitting”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 949-961, March 2015], it was shown that greater a capacity in data transmission can be obtained using the TSMA method than when transmitting a data packet in a contiguous block, i.e. with no splitting to sub-data packets. In order to obtain the largest possible system capacity, as many different time-frequency hopping patterns as possible are to be used [DE 10 2017 206 236 A1]. The overall number of the time-frequency hopping patterns used here has to be finite and has to originate from a supply of time-frequency hopping patterns known before.

In a transmission system with an uncoordinated, random channel access by the participants (random multiple access), the data receiver in TSMA does not know before which time-frequency hopping pattern is used by a data transmitter. Thus, the data receiver has to observe the entire frequency band (consisting of several frequency channels) over a sufficiently long period of time and recognize the occurrence of a time-frequency hopping pattern (like by correlating the receive signal with the pilot symbol sequences known to it).

This entails two disadvantages. Firstly (problem A), the data receiver principally has to comprise a receive unit which is able to receive several frequency channels at the same time. Thus, a multi-channel receiver is used, which means that the bandwidth of the receiver has to extend at least over the entire bandwidth of the frequency hopping pattern and, thus, over several TSMA frequency channels. Secondly (problem B), the data receiver has to expect the beginning of transmission at each and every point in time. Since the time-frequency hopping pattern used is not known before, correlation of the receive signal has to take place with regard to each potential hopping pattern at each potential transmission starting time. This entails a comparably high computing/processing capacity on the part of the receiver.

Consequently, the object underlying the present invention is providing a concept which allows receiving a TSMA transmission also using simple receivers.

SUMMARY

An embodiment may have a data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit at least a part of the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver.

Another embodiment may have a data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in a plurality of frequency channels in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a synchronization frequency channel fixed relative to the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver.

Another embodiment may have a data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; wherein the data receiver is configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver and, in case the data are destined for the data receiver, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets.

Another embodiment may have a data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in a plurality of frequency channels in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; wherein the data receiver is configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a synchronization frequency channel which is fixed relative to the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; wherein the data receiver is configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver and, in case the data are destined for the data receiver, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets.

Still another embodiment may have a repeater configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern to obtain a plurality of received sub-data packets, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets; the repeater being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which the repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; wherein the repeater is configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly and, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

Another embodiment may have a system having: any inventive data transmitter as mentioned before; and any inventive data receiver as mentioned before, and/or any inventive repeater as mentioned before.

According to another embodiment, a method for transmitting data may have the steps of: dividing the data onto a plurality of sub-data packets; transmitting the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver.

According to another embodiment, a method for receiving data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, may have the steps of: receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel by a data receiver, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; establishing, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; and receiving the plurality of sub-data packets by the data receiver in case the data are destined for the data receiver.

According to another embodiment, a method for repeatedly emitting data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, may have the steps of: receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel by a repeater, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which the repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; establishing, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; receiving the plurality of sub-data packets by the repeater and repeatedly emitting the data by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

Still another embodiment may have a non-transitory digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for performing a method for transmitting data having the steps of: dividing the data onto a plurality of sub-data packets; transmitting the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver, when said computer program is run by a computer.

Another embodiment may have a non-transitory digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for performing a method for receiving data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, having the steps of: receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel by a data receiver, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; establishing, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; and receiving the plurality of sub-data packets by the data receiver in case the data are destined for the data receiver, when said computer program is run by a computer.

Another embodiment may have a non-transitory digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for performing a method for repeatedly emitting data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, having the steps of: receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel by a repeater, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has activation information using which the repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; establishing, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; receiving the plurality of sub-data packets by the repeater and repeatedly emitting the data by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets, when said computer program is run by a computer.

Still another embodiment may have a data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit at least a part of the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has information on the time/frequency hopping pattern; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern in at least one of:

-   -   at least a part of error protection data;     -   at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing         the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver;     -   a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the         synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at         least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and         distributed over time and frequency;     -   a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet;     -   a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and     -   a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the         synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.

Another embodiment may have a data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted; wherein the plurality of sub-data packets are received using the information on the time/frequency hopping patter; wherein the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern is extracted from at least one of:

-   -   a data field within the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   at least a part of error protection data;     -   at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing         the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver;     -   a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the         synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at         least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and         distributed over time and frequencies;     -   a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet;     -   a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and     -   a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the         synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.

Another embodiment may have a data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit at least a part of the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the data transmitter is configured to channel-encode the data and to divide the same onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain is achieved by a combination of a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit the first group of sub-data packets temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and the data transmitter being configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets.

Another embodiment may have a data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the data are channel-encoded and divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain is achieved by a combination of a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets; wherein the first group of sub-data packets is transmitted temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet has information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the second group of sub-data packets is transmitted; wherein the data receiver is configured to receive the second group of sub-data packets using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.

Another embodiment may have a repeater configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern to obtain a plurality of received sub-data packets, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets; wherein the data are coded and distributed to the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of error-free transmission, only a first group of sub-data packets of the plurality of sub-data packets is used for successfully decoding the data and such that, in the case of erroneous decoding, an increased code gain is achieved by a combination of the first group of sub-data packets and a second group of sub-data packets; the repeater being configured to decode the first group of received sub-data packets and, in case decoding was successful, to re-encode the data and divide the same onto at least a first group of repeated sub-data packets and emit the same before receiving a last sub-data packet of the plurality of sub-data packets.

Another embodiment may have a repeater configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern to obtain a plurality of received sub-data packets, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured to combine and decode the plurality of receives sub-data packets to obtain the data, the repeater being configured to re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets, or wherein the repeater is configured to re-encode the data and divide information derived therefrom onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured to divide the data onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets such that a number of repeated sub-data packets is smaller than a number of the sub-data packets or received sub-data packets.

Embodiments provide a data transmitter configured to divide (or partition or split) data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions (or pauses) where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the plurality of sub-data packets distributed to at least two frequency channels of a frequency band in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern. Exemplarily, the plurality of sub-data packets can be transmitted distributed to at least two frequency channels of a plurality of frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern. Here, the number of sub-data packets may be equal, smaller or greater than the number of frequency channels of the frequency band, wherein, irrespective of the number of sub-data packets and irrespective of the number of frequency channels, there may be frequency channels in which no sub-data packet, precisely one sub-data packet or more than one sub-data packet is transmitted.

In embodiments, the synchronization frequency channel may be a dedicated frequency channel of the frequency band. Exemplarily, the frequency band may comprise a plurality of frequency channels, wherein one frequency channel (or more than one frequency channel) of the plurality of frequency channels may be used (exclusively) for transmitting the synchronization sub-data packet, whereas the other frequency channels of the plurality of frequency channels of the frequency band may be used for transmitting the plurality of sub-data packets.

Exemplarily, the frequency band may comprise a plurality of frequency channels (like 25 frequency channels in carriers UCG_C0 to UCG_C24), wherein a frequency channel of the plurality of frequency channels of the frequency band may be used for transmitting the synchronization sub-data packet (=synchronization frequency channel; like UCG_C24), whereas the other frequency channels of the frequency band may be used for transmitting the plurality of sub-data packets (like UCG_C0 to UCG_C23).

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise information on the time/frequency hopping pattern in at least one of:

-   -   a data field within the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   at least a part of error protection data;     -   at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing         the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver;     -   a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the         synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted distributed over         time and frequencies and divided onto at least two         synchronization partial sub-data packets;     -   a hopping pattern between an emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet;     -   a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and     -   a quartz (or crystal) tolerance of the data transmitter which         the synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted in a manner temporally synchronized to the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet temporally before the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to channel-encode the data and to divide the same onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain is achieved by a combination of a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets, the data transmitter being configured to transmit the first group of sub-data packets temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and the data transmitter being configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet instead of a sub-data packet of the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be one among the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit only (exclusively) the synchronization sub-data packet in the synchronization frequency channel.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet at a different bandwidth than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet at a different symbol rate than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet at a different modulation type than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet at a different transmission power than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to provide the synchronization sub-data packet with a different channel coding or with channel coding with a different error protection than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted may be channels of a frequency band associated to the data transmitter.

In embodiments, the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted may be channels of different frequency bands.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to repeatedly emit the synchronization sub-data packet.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to divide the synchronization sub-data packet onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and transmit the same at a time interval so that there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the synchronization partial sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets in different dedicated synchronization frequency channels.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets in the different dedicated synchronization frequency channels at different transmission powers.

In embodiments, the data transmitter may be configured to transmit the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets within the bandwidth of the same synchronization frequency channel at different transmission frequencies.

In embodiments, one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets may comprise a synchronization sequence, wherein a second one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver or provided for further processing in the data receiver.

In embodiments, the activation information may be at least one of:

-   -   an indicator indicating whether the data are to be received;     -   address information of the data transmitter, or information         derived therefrom;     -   address information of a group of data transmitters which the         data transmitter is associated to, or information derived         therefrom;     -   address information of the data receiver, or information derived         therefrom; and     -   address information of a group of data receivers which the data         receiver is associated to, or information derived therefrom.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise configuration information for receiving the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the configuration information may be at least one of:

-   -   a data rate;     -   a channel code;     -   a code rate;     -   a modulation alphabet;     -   a modulation type;     -   a pilot sequence;     -   a frequency offset;     -   a time offset; and     -   a quartz tolerance.

Further embodiments provide a data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in a plurality of frequency channels in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a synchronization frequency channel fixed relative to the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.

Further embodiments provide a data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, the data receiver being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed (dedicated) synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted, wherein the data receiver may be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to extract the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern from at least one of:

-   -   a data field within the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   at least a part of error protection data;     -   at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing         the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver;     -   a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the         synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted distributed over         time and frequencies and divided onto at least two         synchronization partial sub-data packets;     -   a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet;     -   a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and     -   a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the         synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted in a temporally synchronized manner to the plurality of sub-data packets, wherein the data receiver may be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets in a manner temporally synchronized to the synchronization sub-data packet.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet temporally before the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data may be channel-coded and divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data, and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain is achieved by combining a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets, wherein the first group of sub-data packets is transmitted temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the second group of sub-data packets is transmitted, wherein the data receiver may be configured to receive the second group of sub-data packets using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to combine and decode the second group of sub-data packets to obtain the data.

In embodiments, a receive bandwidth of the data receiver may be smaller than a bandwidth over which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted distributed in the frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping patterns.

In embodiments, the data receiver may comprise a receive unit configured to output hard-decision bits.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be a one-channel receiver able to receive at the same time only on one frequency channel of a plurality of frequency channels of a frequency band, wherein the data receiver may be configured to switch between the frequency channels of the frequency band in accordance with the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern in order to receive the plurality of sub-data packets transmitted on the respective frequency channels in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to monitor the synchronization frequency channel to receive the synchronization sub-data packet, the data receiver being configured to switch, after receiving the synchronization sub-data packet, between the frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern to receive the plurality of sub-data packets transmitted on the respective frequency channels in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver, wherein the data receiver may be configured to detect the synchronization sub-data packet using a reference synchronization sequence in a receive data stream.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to receive only (exclusively) the synchronization sub-data packet on the synchronization frequency channel.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet at a lower bandwidth than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet using a different modulation type than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted at a different transmission power than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be provided with a different channel coding or with channel coding having a different error protection than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted may be channels of a frequency band associated to the data transmitter and the data receiver.

In embodiments, the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted may be channels of different frequency bands.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted repeatedly, wherein the data receiver may be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets based on at least one of the repeatedly emitted synchronization sub-data packets or a combination of the repeatedly emitted synchronization sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted divided onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and at a time interval so that there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the synchronization partial sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to receive the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets on different dedicated synchronization frequency channels.

In embodiments, the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets may be transmitted on the different dedicated synchronization frequency channels at different transmission powers.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to receive the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets within the bandwidth of the same synchronization frequency channel at different transmission frequencies.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be configured to receive and combine the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets to obtain the synchronization sub-data packet.

In embodiments, one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets may comprise a synchronization sequence, wherein a second one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets may comprise information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted, wherein the data receiver may be configured to detect the first one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets using a reference synchronization sequence in a receive data stream and to receive, based on a known time/frequency interval between the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets, the at least one further synchronization partial sub-data packet to obtain the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise activation information using which a data receiver can establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver, wherein the data receiver may be configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets, are destined for the data receiver and, in case the data are destined for the data receiver, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the activation information may be at least one of:

-   -   an indicator indicating whether the data are to be received;     -   address information of the data transmitter, or information         derived therefrom;     -   address information of a group of data transmitters which the         data transmitter is associated to, or information derived         therefrom;     -   address information of the data receiver, or information derived         therefrom; and     -   address information of a group of data receivers which the data         receiver is associated to, or information derived therefrom.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise configuration information for receiving the plurality of sub-data packets, wherein the data receiver may be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets in correspondence with the configuration information.

In embodiments, the configuration information may be at least one of:

-   -   a data rate;     -   a channel code;     -   a code rate;     -   a modulation alphabet;     -   a modulation type;     -   a pilot sequence;     -   a frequency offset;     -   a time offset; and     -   a quartz tolerance.

In embodiments, the data receiver may be a data receiver which can only receive data on one frequency channel at the same time.

Further embodiments provide a data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in a plurality of frequency channels in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, wherein the data receiver is configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a synchronization frequency channel which is fixed relative to the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.

Further embodiments provide a repeater configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern to obtain a plurality of received sub-data packets, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets, wherein the repeater is configured to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to emit the plurality of received sub-data packets again sub-data packet by sub-data packet to transmit the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to combine and decode the plurality of received sub-data packets to obtain the data, wherein the repeater may be configured to re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to combine and decode the plurality of received sub-data packets to obtain the data, wherein the repeater may be configured to re-encode the data and to divide information derived therefrom onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data may be coded and distributed to the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of error-free transmission, only a first group of sub-data packets of the plurality of sub-data packets is used for successfully decoding the data and such that, in the case of erroneous decoding, an increased code gain is achieved by a combination of the first group of sub-data packets and a second group of sub-data packets, wherein the repeater may be configured to decode the first group of received sub-data packets and, in case decoding was successful, to re-encode the data and divide the same onto at least a first group of repeated sub-data packets and emit the same before receiving a last sub-data packet of the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to decode the first group of received sub-data packets and, in case decoding was not successful, to combine and decode the first group of received sub-data packets with the second group of received sub-data packets to obtain and re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to divide the data onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets such that a number of repeated sub-data packets is smaller than a number of the sub-data packets or received sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets such that the plurality of sub-data packets and the plurality of repeated sub-data packets are combinable with one another at least partly on the receiver side to achieve a higher code gain.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to emit the plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with the repeated time/frequency hopping pattern such that the time/frequency hopping pattern and the repeated time/frequency hopping pattern result in a combined time/frequency hopping pattern which can be commonly received on the receiver side.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed (dedicated) synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to emit the synchronization sub-data packet again or emit a newly generated synchronization sub-data packet on the fixed synchronization frequency channel or another fixed synchronization frequency channel.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise activation information using which the repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly, wherein the repeater may be configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly and, in case the data are emitted repeatedly, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets and emit the same again using the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the activation information may be at least one of:

-   -   an indicator indicating whether the data are to be received;     -   address information of the data transmitter, or information         derived therefrom;     -   address information of a group of data transmitters which the         data transmitter is associated to, or information derived         therefrom;     -   address information of the data receiver, or information derived         therefrom;     -   address information of a group of data receivers which the data         receiver is associated to, or information derived therefrom;     -   a counter indicating how often the data have already been         emitted repeatedly.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to update the activation information and to emit the updated activation information with the synchronization sub-data packet.

In embodiments, the received time/frequency hopping pattern and the repeated time/frequency hopping pattern may be equal or different.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to emit the plurality of repeated sub-data packets in a different frequency band than the plurality of received sub-data packets were received in.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted, wherein the repeater may be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to extract the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern from at least one of:

-   -   a data field within the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   at least a part of error protection data;     -   at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing         the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver;     -   a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the         synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at         least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and         distributed over time and frequency;     -   a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet;     -   a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and     -   a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the         synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted in a manner temporally synchronized to the plurality of sub-data packets, wherein the repeater may be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets in a manner temporally synchronized to the synchronization sub-data packet.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet temporally before the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the data may be channel-encoded and be divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain can be achieved by a combination of a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets, wherein the first group of sub-data packets is transmitted temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the second group of sub-data packets is transmitted, wherein the repeater may be configured to receive the second group of sub-data packets using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to combine and decode the second group of sub-data packets to obtain the data.

In embodiments, a receive bandwidth of the repeater may be smaller than a bandwidth over which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted distributed in the frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the repeater may comprise a receive unit configured to output hard-decision bits.

In embodiments, the repeater may be a one-channel receiver which is able to receive at the same time only on one frequency channel of a plurality of frequency channels of a frequency band, wherein the repeater may be configured to switch between the frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern to receive the plurality of sub-data packets transmitted on the respective frequency channels in accordance with the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to monitor the synchronization frequency channel to receive the synchronization sub-data packet, wherein the repeater is configured to switch, after receiving the synchronization sub-data packet, between the frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern to receive the plurality of sub-data packets transmitted on the respective frequency channels in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a repeater, wherein the repeater may be configured to detect the synchronization sub-data packet using a reference synchronization sequence in a receive data stream.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to receive only (exclusively) the synchronization sub-data packet on the synchronization frequency channel.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet at a lower bandwidth than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet using a different modulation type than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted at a different transmission power than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be provided with a different channel coding or with channel encoding having a different error protection than the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted may be channels of a frequency band associated to the data transmitter and the repeater.

In embodiments, the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted may be channels of different frequency bands.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted repeatedly, wherein the repeater may be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets based on at least one of the repeatedly emitted synchronization sub-data packets or a combination of the repeatedly emitted synchronization sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may be transmitted divided onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and at a time interval so that there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the synchronization partial sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to receive the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets on different dedicated synchronization frequency channels.

In embodiments, the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets may be transmitted on the different dedicated synchronization frequency channels at different transmission powers.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to receive the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets within the bandwidth of the same synchronization frequency channel at different transmission frequencies.

In embodiments, the repeater may be configured to receive and combine the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packet to obtain the synchronization sub-data packet.

In embodiments, one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets may comprise a synchronization sequence, wherein a second one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets may comprise information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted, wherein the repeater may be configured to detect the first one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets using a reference synchronization sequence in a receive data stream and to receive, based on a known time/frequency interval between the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets, the at least one further synchronization partial sub-data packet to obtain the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise activation information using which a repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the repeater or data receiver, wherein the repeater may be configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the repeater or data receiver and, in case the data are destined for the repeater or data receiver, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the activation information may be at least one of:

-   -   an indicator indicating whether the data are to be received;     -   address information of the data transmitter, or information         derived therefrom;     -   address information of a group of data transmitters which the         data transmitter is associated to, or information derived         therefrom;     -   address information of the data receiver, or information derived         therefrom; and     -   address information of a group of data receivers which the data         receiver is associated to, or information derived therefrom.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet may comprise configuration information for receiving the plurality of sub-data packets, wherein the repeater may be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets in correspondence with the configuration information.

In embodiments, the configuration information may be at least one of:

-   -   a data rate;     -   a channel code;     -   a code rate;     -   a modulation alphabet;     -   a modulation type;     -   a pilot sequence;     -   a frequency offset;     -   a time offset; and     -   a quartz tolerance.

In embodiments, the repeater may be a repeater which is able to receive data at the same time only on one frequency channel.

Further embodiments provide a method for transmitting data. The method comprises a step of dividing the data onto a plurality of sub-data packets. In addition, the method comprises a step of transmitting the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets. Additionally, the method comprises a step of transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed (dedicated) synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different.

Further embodiments provide a method for receiving data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets. The method comprises a step of receiving the plurality of sub-data packets. In addition, the method comprises a step of receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed (dedicated) synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different.

Further embodiments provide a method for repeatedly emitting data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets. The method comprises a step of receiving the plurality of sub-data packets. Furthermore, the method comprises a step of repeatedly emitting the data by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

Embodiments of the present invention allow the usage of one-channel receivers (very cheap data receivers) and achieve the advantage of the comparably large data transmission capacity of the TSMA method, caused by the usage of pseudo-random time/frequency hopping patterns.

Embodiments of the present invention thus allow avoiding the disadvantages, mentioned above, of a relatively complicated multi-channel receiver (high bandwidth) and the high computing capacity entailed (correlation as regards all the theoretically possible time/frequency hopping patterns) at the same time.

In embodiments, the first sub-data packet or a very early or any certain sub-data packet of the data transmission (1) can be transmitted on a fixed, previously known frequency channel and (2) can contain information on the (subsequently) used time/frequency hopping pattern.

In embodiments, this data packet is referred to as synchronization sub-data packet.

In embodiments, the data carrier may be equipped with only a one-channel receiver which (1) detects the synchronization sub-data packet emitted (at a point in time unknown to it) on the previously known frequency channel, (2) establishes the contents thereof (i.e. obtains at least the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern used in the subsequent data packets) and (3) subsequently receives the subsequent sub-data packets in correspondence with the time-frequency hopping pattern and feeds the same to further processing.

In embodiments, the data receiver can manage with less computing complexity since (1) it detects only the data packet emitted (at an unknown point in time), (2) establishes the contents thereof (i.e. obtains at least the information on the time-frequency hopping pattern used in the subsequent sub-data packets) and (3) subsequently receives the subsequent sub-data packets in correspondence with the time-frequency hopping pattern and feeds it to further processing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention will be detailed subsequently referring to the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows, in a diagram, an exemplary occupancy of the transmission channel when transmitting a message by means of Telegram Splitting Multiple Access (TSMA);

FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a system having a data transmitter and a data receiver;

FIG. 3 shows, in a diagram, an exemplary occupancy of the transmission channel when transmitting a plurality of sub-data packets in accordance with a time and frequency hopping pattern;

FIG. 4 shows, in a diagram, an exemplary occupancy of the transmission channel when transmitting a plurality of sub-data packets distributed to different frequency channels in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern and transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 5 shows, in a diagram, an exemplary occupancy of the transmission channel when transmitting a plurality of sub-data packets distributed to different frequency channels in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern and transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel in accordance with another embodiment; and

FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a system having a data transmitter and a repeater and a transmission channel between the data transmitter and the repeater.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following description of embodiments of the present invention, same elements or elements having the same effect in the figures are provided with the same reference numerals so that the description thereof is mutually interchangeable.

Before describing embodiments of the present invention in detail, at first, exemplarily the communication system on which the invention is based will be detailed referring to FIGS. 2 and 3. However, it is to be pointed out that the communication system discussed referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 is illustrated and described only as an example and is not intended to be construed in a limiting manner. Rather, the communication system is illustrated in a strongly abstract manner so as to easily and comprehensibly discuss the underlying principles.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary communication system having a data transmitter 100 and a data receiver 110.

The data transmitter 100 can be configured to divide data 120 (or a data packet comprising the data 120) onto a plurality of sub-data packets 142 and to transmit the plurality of sub-data packets 142 distributed over time and/or frequency using a hopping pattern 140.

The data receiver 110 can be configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets 142 to obtain the data transmitted divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets and distributed over time and/or frequency in correspondence with the hopping pattern 140.

As is exemplarily illustrated in FIG. 2, the data transmitter 100 can comprise transmitting means (or a transmitting module or transmitter) 102 configured to transmit the data 120. The transmitting means 102 can be connected to an antenna 104 of the data transmitter 100. Additionally, the data transmitter 100 can comprise receiving means (or a receive module or receiver) 106 configured to receive the data. The receiving means 106 can be connected to the antenna 104 or another (separate) antenna of the data transmitter 100. The data transmitter 100 can also comprise a combined transmission/receive means (transceiver).

The data receiver 110 can comprise receiving means (or a receive module or receiver) 116 configured to receive the data 120. The receive means 116 can be connected to an antenna 114 of the data receiver 110. Additionally, the data receiver 110 can comprise transmission means (or a transmission module or transmitter) 112 configured to transmit data. The transmission means 112 can be connected to the antenna 114 or another (separate) antenna of the data receiver 110. The data receiver 110 can also comprise a combined transmission/receive means (transceiver).

In embodiments, the data transmitter 100 can be a sensor node, whereas the data receiver 110 can be a base station. Typically, a communication system comprises at least one data receiver 110 (base station) and a plurality of data transmitters (sensor nodes, like heating meter). It is also possible for the data transmitter 100 to be a base station, whereas the data receiver 110 is a sensor node. Additionally, it is possible for both the data transmitter 100 and the data receiver 110 to be sensor nodes. It is also possible for both the data transmitter 100 and the data receiver 110 to be base stations.

The data transmitter 100 and the data receiver 110 can be configured to transmit and/or receive the data 120 using the Telegram Splitting Method (TS method). Here, a telegram or data packet 120 is divided into a plurality of sub-data packets (or sub-packets) 142 and the sub-data packets 142 are transmitted from the data transmitter 100 to the data receiver 110 distributed over time and/or frequency in accordance with the hopping pattern 140, wherein the data receiver 110 will assemble (or combine) sub-data packets again to obtain the data packet 120. Thus, the sub-data packets 142 can each comprise only part of the data packet 120 so that the sub-data packets each are shorter than the data packet 120.

In addition, the data packet 120 can be channel-encoded so that not all the sub-data packets 142 are used for error-free decoding of the data packet 120, but only a part of the sub-data packets 142.

The temporal distribution of the plurality of sub-data packets 142 can, as has already been mentioned, be performed in correspondence with a time and/or frequency hopping pattern.

A time hopping pattern can indicate a sequence of transmission points in time or transmission time intervals or distances (hops) using which the sub-data packets are transmitted. Exemplarily, a first sub-data packet can be transmitted at a first transmission point in time (or in a first transmission time slot) and a second sub-data packet at a second transmission point in time (or in a second transmission time slot), wherein the first transmission point in time and the second transmission point in time are different. The time hopping pattern can thus define (or predetermine or indicate) the first transmission point in time and the second transmission point in time. Alternatively, the time hopping pattern can indicate the first transmission point in time and a time interval between the first transmission point in time and the second transmission point in time. The time hopping pattern may also indicate only the time interval between the first point in time and the second transmission point in time. There may be transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets. The sub-data packets can also be temporally overlapping (intersecting).

A frequency hopping pattern can indicate a sequence of transmission frequencies or transmission frequency hops using which the sub-data packets are transmitted. Exemplarily, a first sub-data packet can be transmitted at a first transmission frequency (or in a first frequency channel) and a second sub-data packet at a second transmission frequency (or in a second frequency channel), the first transmission frequency and the second transmission frequency being different. Thus, the frequency hopping pattern can define (or predetermine or indicate) the first transmission frequency and the second transmission frequency. Alternatively, the frequency hopping pattern can indicate the first transmission frequency and a frequency interval (transmission frequency hop) between the first transmission frequency and the second transmission frequency. The frequency hopping pattern may also indicate only the frequency interval (transmission frequency hop) between the first transmission frequency and the second transmission frequency. Additionally, the frequency hopping pattern can indicate the frequency channels or a sequence of frequency channels in which the sub-data packets are transmitted.

The plurality of sub-data packets 142 can also be transmitted from the data transmitter 100 to the data receiver 110 in a way distributed over both time and frequency. The distribution of the plurality of sub-data packets over time and frequency can be performed in correspondence with a time and frequency hopping pattern. A time and frequency hopping pattern can be the combination of a time hopping pattern and a frequency hopping pattern, i.e. a sequence of transmission points in time or transmission time intervals with which the sub-data packets are transmitted, wherein transmission frequencies (or transmission frequency hops) are associated to the transmission points in time (or transmission time intervals).

The time and/or frequency hopping pattern can comprise a plurality of hops, wherein the plurality of hops each indicate a transmission point in time and/or a transmission frequency (or a transmission time hop or transmission frequency hop) in accordance with which the plurality of sub-data packets 142 can be transmitted.

FIG. 3 shows, in a diagram, an exemplary occupancy of the transmission channel when transmitting a plurality of sub-data packets 142 in correspondence with a time and frequency hopping pattern. Thus, the ordinate describes the frequency and the abscissa describes time.

As can be recognized in FIG. 3, the data packet 120 can exemplarily be divided onto n=7 sub-data packets 142 and correspondingly be transmitted from the data transmitter 100 to the data receiver 110 distributed over time and frequency in correspondence with a time and frequency hopping pattern.

As can also be recognized in FIG. 3, a synchronization sequence 144 can also be divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets 142 so that the plurality of sub-data packets 142 each contain a part of the synchronization sequence (synchronization symbols in FIG. 3) 144, apart from data (data symbols in FIG. 3) 146.

Detailed embodiments of the data transmitter 100 and the data receiver 110 will be described below in greater detail.

1. TSMA Method with Synchronization Sub-Data Packet

In embodiments, the data transmitter 100 can be configured to transmit or send a synchronization sub-data packet 160 on a fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel 162, wherein the fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels 164 in which the plurality of sub-data packets 142 are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 are different, as is shown in FIG. 4.

In embodiments, the data receiver 110 can be configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet 160 on a fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel 162, wherein the fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels 164 in which the plurality of sub-data packets 142 are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 are different, as is shown in FIG. 4.

In detail, FIG. 4 shows, in a diagram, an exemplary occupancy of the transmission channel between the data transmitter 100 and data receiver 110 when transmitting a plurality of sub-data packets 142 distributed in time and to different frequency channels 164 in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern 140 and transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet 160 on a fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel 162 in accordance with an embodiment.

As can be recognized in FIG. 4, in embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can exemplarily be transmitted temporally before the plurality of sub-data packets 142.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can comprise information on the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 with which the plurality of sub-data packets 142 are transmitted. Thus, the data receiver 110 can be configured to receiver the plurality of sub-data packets 142 using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern 142.

Exemplarily, the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern can be the time/frequency hopping pattern itself, like transmission points in time (or transmission time intervals), and corresponding frequency channels (or frequency channel hops) of the plurality of sub-data packets, based on which the data receiver 110 can receive the plurality of sub-data packets 142 or localize the same in a receive data stream.

The information on the time/frequency hopping pattern can of course also be information derived from the time/frequency hopping pattern, based on which the data receiver 110 is able to establish the time/frequency hopping pattern.

Additionally, it is possible for the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 to be already known to the data receiver 110. In this case, the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern can exemplarily be a point in time and/or a frequency channel at which transmission of the plurality of sub-data packets 142 in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 starts. In addition, the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern can exemplarily be a time interval or frequency channel interval between the synchronization sub-data packet 160 and the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 or one of the sub-data packets (like the first sub-data packet).

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can comprise the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 in at least one of:

-   -   a data field within the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   at least a part of error protection data;     -   at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing         the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver;     -   a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the         synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at         least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and         distributed over time and frequency;     -   a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization         sub-data packet;     -   a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet;     -   a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and     -   a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the         synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can, instead of on a fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel, also be transmitted on a synchronization frequency channel 162 fixed relative to the frequency channels 164 in which the plurality of sub-data packets 142 are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern 140.

In other words, the synchronization frequency channel 162 can also be fixed relative to the remaining hopping pattern 140, but not in a dedicated channel irrespective thereof. In the dual-band mode, for example, where synchronization is emitted with no repetitions on two different channels (receiver can either monitor one channel only or has to receive both in parallel). This means that is it possible that either the dedicated channel is used or transmission takes place relatively to the remaining hopping pattern.

FIG. 5 shows, in a diagram, an exemplary occupancy of the transmission channel between the data transmitter 100 and the data receiver 110 when transmitting a plurality of sub-data packets 142 distributed to different frequency channels 164 and over time in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern 140 and transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet 160 on a fixed dedicated synchronization frequency channel 162 in accordance with another embodiment.

In embodiments, the data transmitter 100 can be configured to subject the data to channel coding and divide the same onto the plurality of sub-data packets 142 such that only a second group 172 of sub-data packets 142 is, when successfully transmitting the same, used for decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, higher a code gain is achieved by combining a first group 170 of sub-data packets and the second group 172 of sub-data packets. The data transmitter 100 can be configured to transmit the first group 170 of sub-data packets 142 temporally before the second group 172 of sub-data packets 142, wherein the data transmitter 100 can be configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet 160 after the first group 170 of sub-data packets 142 and before the second group 172 of sub-data packets 142, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet 160 comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the second group 172 of sub-data packets 142 is transmitted.

In embodiments, the data receiver 110 can be configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet 160 on a dedicated fixed synchronization frequency channel 162 to obtain the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern and to receive the second group 172 of sub-data packets 142 using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern 140.

In addition, the data receiver can be configured to combine and decode the second group of sub-data packets to obtain the data.

In embodiments, the data receiver 110 can be a cheap data receiver 110.

Exemplarily, a receive bandwidth of the data receiver 110 can be smaller than a bandwidth over which the plurality of sub-data packets 142 are transmitted distributed in the frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern 140.

Exemplarily, the data receiver 110 can be a one-channel receiver which is able to receive only on one frequency channel of the plurality of frequency channels of the frequency band 166 at the same time. Thus, the data receiver 110 can be configured to monitor the synchronization frequency channel 162 to receive the synchronization sub-data packet 160 and to switch, after receiving the synchronization sub-data packet 160, between the frequency channels 164 of the frequency band 166 in correspondence with the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 to receive the plurality of sub-data packets 142 transmitted on the respective frequency channels in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern 140.

In embodiments, due to the synchronization sub-data packet 160, a receiver can be used which has a lower computing capacity or the receive bandwidth of which is smaller than the bandwidth of the telegram splitting signal. Here, the receiver switches the carrier frequencies when receiving the telegram splitting signal.

In embodiments, the data receiver 110 (or a radio chip (receive unit) of the data receiver) can be a so-called hard-decision receiver configured to provide hard-decision bits. This means that the data receiver 110 is not able to perform a partial extraction of a frequency channel of the frequency band from the entire receive data stream. Rather, the data receiver can receive only on one frequency channel at the same time.

In embodiments, a so-called low-performance receiver can be used. It uses (for example exclusively) the synchronization sub-data packet 160 for detecting the telegrams. Here, less bandwidth is used for detection and the receiver can become cheaper. If a synchronization sub-data packet 160 is received, the receiver will switch its carrier frequency in between the subsequent sub-data packets in correspondence with the signalized time/frequency hopping pattern to be able to receive the telegram.

A so-called high-performance receiver, in contrast, does not use the synchronization sub-data packet, or only as additional information for detecting the telegrams (or plurality of sub-data packets 142). Here, higher a detection probability is achieved, but a receiver which is permanently able to receive the signal in full bandwidth is used.

Further embodiments will be described below.

In embodiments, a TSMA method with first placing a first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) on a frequency channel 162 known before to the receiver 110 in which the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 of subsequent sub-data packets 142 is transmitted, can be used.

In embodiments, in a TSMA-based transmission system for transmitting data packets 142, a synchronization sub-data packet 160 can be transmitted on a frequency channel 162 known before to the receiver 110, which contains information on the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 of (subsequent) sub-data packets 142.

In embodiments, emitting the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can be performed on a fixed frequency channel 162 (not just “known before”) or only on fewer channels than usually used.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can comprise a synchronization sequence which allows time, frequency and phase synchronization and detection of the synchronization sub-data packet for the receiver 110.

In embodiments, optionally, in order to minimize interferences by other participants, the frequency channel 162 on which the synchronization sub-data packet 160 is transmitted may not be used for transmitting further (subsequent) sub-data packets 142 (not even by other participants).

In embodiments, the bandwidth of the frequency channel 162 for the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can deviate from the bandwidth of the frequency channels 164 of the subsequent sub-data packets 142. In particular, lower a bandwidth than the available receiver bandwidth can be selected for transmitting the synchronization sub-data packet 160 to consider potential deviations in the transmission frequency of the transmitters (oscillator imprecision).

In embodiments, another modulation type which is easier and, maybe, more tolerant to frequency offset, like a spreading method, for example, can be used for the synchronization sub-data packet 160.

In embodiments, transmission duration, transmission power, modulation alphabet, modulation type, pilot sequence (synchronization sequence) and coding protection and coding type for the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can deviate from the corresponding features of subsequent sub-data packets 142.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can be transmitted at an increased transmission power and/or increased coding protection.

In embodiments, the synchronization sub-data packet 160 can be transmitted in a different frequency band than the other sub-data packets 142. This means that transmission can, for example, take place in a frequency band in which higher a power is allowed for the emission, but which is too narrow-banded to offer the overall transmission capacity strived for.

In embodiments, the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) can be repeated once or several times before emitting the subsequent data packets 142 in order to increase the receive probability (number and interval between the repetitions are known to the receiver).

In embodiments, the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) can be divided into several partial sub-data packets.

The first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) in turn can be divided onto several partial sub-data packets (TSMA principle), wherein there may be transmission intermissions of different lengths between the partial sub-data packets (pure time hopping pattern). The partial sub-data packets can, within the bandwidth of the associated frequency channel, contain frequency hopping patterns also known before in the receiver, in addition to the time hopping patterns mentioned.

In the case of dividing (or splitting) the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) into several partial sub-data packets, emitting the partial sub-data packets can be performed not only on different sub-frequencies within the frequency channel provided for synchronization sub-data packets, but also on different frequency channels. A first partial sub-data packet can exemplarily be emitted in a frequency band or frequency channel of higher a reliable transmission power so that the detection probability of the receiver 110 is improved. Emitting the first partial sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) can be performed using a fixed waveform known before, i.e. still without transmitter-specific information.

2. Activation Information in Synchronization Sub-Data Packet

During the time in which a one-channel data receiver, in a TSMA-based transmission system, completely receives a message with a time-frequency hopping pattern (i.e. “follows” the hopping pattern), receiving on other frequency channels than that selected at present is not possible. Thus, the receiver 110 is prevented from receiving data packets of other transmitters during this time, which is of disadvantage in case the data packet received at this moment is irrelevant for the receiver.

In order to ensure, at the earliest possible point in time, that a transmitted data packet is really relevant for the receiver 110, “activation information” is transmitted in a first synchronization sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) or one transmitted at an early time, in addition to information on the time-frequency hopping pattern. The information serves for the receiver 110 for deciding whether the subsequent sub-data packets 142 of the transmitter 100 are received or ignored (so that it can remain ready for receiving synchronization sub-data packets 160 of other transmitters). This increases the readiness to receive significantly.

The activation information of the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) may exhibit the following characteristics:

-   -   general information, like a general indicator (flag), of whether         the subsequent sub-data packets are to be received;     -   transmitter-specific information, the transmitter can, for         example, transfer explicit information on its identity (like         transmitter ID);     -   transmitter group-specific information, a transmitter can, for         example, transfer information on its belonging to a certain         group of transmitters/participants (like transmitter group ID);     -   transmitter-specific or transmitter group-specific information         by means of a hash function, the transmitter can, for example,         transfer a hash on its transmitter ID.

Only if the characteristics mentioned above match with a corresponding list stored in the data receiver 110, will the data packets be received completely and will, if applicable, further activities be triggered (see exposition of “repeater” in the next section).

In an equivalent way, the activation information can be implemented such that only a certain individual receiver or group of receivers is addressed.

A combination of transmitter and receiver-specific information can also be transmitted so that an association between transmitters or transmitter groups and receivers or receiver groups can be performed.

In the first sub-data packet (or synchronization sub-data packet 160), apart from the activation information, further additional information may be contained which configure the subsequent TSMA-based transmission:

-   -   a data rate     -   a channel code and code rate     -   a modulation alphabet or modulation type     -   a pilot sequence     -   information on frequency offset and/or time offset     -   a quartz tolerances

3. Repeater Functionality

In embodiments, the data receiver 110 can be a repeater 110 configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets 142 and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern 140 to obtain a plurality of sub-data packets received, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets, wherein the repeater 110 can be configured to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In other words, the data receiver 110 can have the function of a “repeater” which renders and re-sends data received from an original data transmitter 100. This may be entailed when the signal of the data transmitter 100 does no longer arrive at the actual data receiver with the intensity entailed for error-free reception.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a system having a data transmitter 100 and a repeater 110, and a transmission channel 111 between the data transmitter 100 and the repeater 110. In other words, FIG. 6 shows the basic repeater function. Here, a signal 602 is transmitted by the data transmitter 100 and the information contained in the transmitted data 601 is recovered, rendered and re-sent based on the signal 603 received by the repeater (forwarded signal 604).

Potential ways of functioning of the repeater 110 in a TSMA-based transmission will be described below.

In embodiments, the repeater 110 can be configured to re-emit the plurality of received sub-data packets 142 sub-data packet after sub-data packet to transmit the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In other words, in embodiments, the data of the sub-data packets 142 can be repeated sub-data packet after sub-data packet (i.e. sub-data packet by sub-data packet). Decoding the entire data packet (which is transmitted distributed to the plurality of sub-data packets 142) is not required here. The minimum delay introduced by the repeater 110 is the duration of the respective sub-data packet 142 received individually and demodulated by the repeater 110. A new transmission signal is generated by modulation in the repeater 110 based on the estimated receive symbols. The repeater 110 here does not necessarily have to decode the contents of the entire data packet.

In embodiments, the repeater 110 can be configured to combine and decode the plurality of sub-data packets 142 received to obtain the data, and to re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In other words, in embodiments, the repeater 110 may only start emitting the sub-data packets (repeated plurality of sub-data packets) after having received all the sub-data packets 142 of the data transmitter 100 and decoding the entire data packet (which is transmitted distributed to the plurality of sub-data packets 142). The minimum delay introduced by the repeater 110 is the duration of the entire data packet or at least the duration of the number of sub-data packets which are used at least for successful decoding. The repeater 110 decodes the data transmitted completely and generates a new transmission signal based thereon by encoding again and modulating.

In embodiments, the data can be coded and distributed to the plurality of sub-data packets 142 such that, in the case of an error-free transmission, only a first group of sub-data packets of the plurality of sub-data packets 142 is used for successfully decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous decoding, a higher code gain is achieved by combining the first group of sub-data packets 142 and a second group of sub-data packets 142. In this case, the repeater 110 can be configured to decode the first group of sub-data packets 142 received and to re-encode the data in the case of successful decoding and to divide the same at least onto a first group of repeated sub-data packets and emit the same before having received a last sub-data packet of the plurality of sub-data packets 142.

In other words, in embodiments, the message (transmitted distributed to the plurality of sub-data packets 142) can be decoded already before receiving part of the sub-data packet 142, for example with good receiving conditions. This can be made use of by the repeater 110 to emit the remaining sub-data packets 142 of the initial emission in a way superimposed with the repeater signal. This allows reducing channel occupancy since the channel is superimposed partly by both emissions. After the superimposed emission of the remaining sub-data packets, optionally the sub-data packets received and decoded by the repeater 110 can be emitted.

In embodiments, the repeater 110 can be configured to combine and decode the plurality of sub-data packets 142 received to obtain the data, and to re-encode the data and divide information derived therefrom onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.

In other words, in embodiments, information on the received symbols can be generated and passed on, i.e. not the reconstructed symbols of the sub-data packets or the entire decoded telegram, but other information derived from the received symbols (like “Compress and Forward”).

In embodiments, the repeater 110 can be configured to re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets such that the plurality of sub-data packets 142 and the plurality of repeated sub-data packets can be combined among one another at least partly on the receiver side to achieve higher a code gain. In addition, the repeater 110 can be configured to emit the plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with the repeated time/frequency hopping pattern such that the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 and the repeated time/frequency hopping pattern result in a combined time/frequency hopping pattern which can be commonly received on the receiver side.

In other words, the repeated sub-data packets can be emitted such that, taken together with the original emission (i.e. the plurality of sub-data packets), they result again in a hopping pattern. This allows providing an original emission which the repeater 110 has received, with additional parity information, when assuming that a usable part of the original emission still reaches the data receiver.

In contrast to the actual receiver of the data (like a base station), the repeater 110 does not necessarily have to repeat all or the majority of the signals received, but particularly the signals of that transmitters which do not reach the actual data receiver with an intensity used for an error-free transmission. Here, the “activation information” (see section 2) is of crucial importance, since they allow the repeater 110 to repeat only the signals of certain data transmitters and consequently do not impose an unnecessary load on the entire system.

3.1 Basic Function

In embodiments, a repeater 110 can receive the subsequent sub-data packets based on the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern 140 transmitted in the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160). Only a one-channel receiver is used here (reduced complexity, cost reduction), which is adjusted to the respective frequency channels used in accordance with the hopping pattern.

In embodiments, the repeater can receive the signal belonging to a sub-data packet, demodulate the same and estimate the symbols contained therein and generate a new transmission signal based on the estimated symbols. This signal can be transmitted as a sub-data packet (delayed in time) (variation of low a latency time), without entailing cross-sub-data packet processing (like decoding the entire data packet).

In embodiments, the repeater can receive all or the plurality of the signal sequences belonging to an entire data packet, estimate from this all or the plurality of the receive symbols belonging to the data packet and decode the entire data packet. In the case of successful decoding, the source data present of the transmitter are re-encoded and modulated. A corresponding data packet consisting of a plurality of sub-data packets can be transmitted (delayed in time) (variation of higher latency time, but improved receive security). If a data packet is not decoded correctly, no emission by the repeater will take place.

In embodiments, the receiver can transmit the sub-data packets using the same or a different time/frequency hopping pattern than the data transmitter.

In embodiments, the repeater 110 may not emit all the sub-data packets again, but only part of the sub-data packets (load reduction in the case of good receive conditions).

In embodiments, the repeater 110 can emit the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) on a different frequency channel than the data transmitter.

In embodiments, the repeater 100 may not emit the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160), but the subsequent sub-data packets.

In embodiments, the repeater can modify the information of the first sub-data packet before emitting the same (see section 3, embodiment including the “repetition flag/counter”).

In embodiments, the repeater can emit the sub-data packets 142 in a different frequency band than the data transmitter.

3.2 Activation/Control of the Repeater Function

In embodiments, in analogy to section 2, the activation information contained in the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) can be used for deciding whether the repeater 110 emits the data packet received or not.

In embodiments, the repeater 110 can thus be configured such that only the packets (data packet transmitted divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets 142) of selected individual transmitters (data transmitter 100) or a defined group of transmitters are repeated by the repeater 110.

In embodiments, the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160) can additionally contain information as to whether and how often the entire packet (data packet transmitted divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets 142) has already been repeated. If a packet is repeated by a repeater, the respective information will be modified correspondingly in the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160).

In embodiments, the repeater 110 can make a list of receivable transmitters using the information in the first sub-data packet (synchronization sub-data packet 160). The list is made using the transmitter ID, transmitter group ID or a hash function (see section 2) and transferred to a control unit (like base station). Using the information, the control unit communicates to the receiver for which data transmitters the packets transmitted are to be repeated.

Although some aspects have been described in the context of a device, it is clear that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method such that a block or element of a device also corresponds to a respective method step or a feature of a method step. Analogously, aspects described in the context of or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or item or feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps may be executed by (or using) a hardware apparatus, like, for example, a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, some or several of the most important method steps may be executed by such an apparatus.

An inventively encoded signal, like an audio signal or a video signal or a transport stream signal, for example, can be stored on a digital storage medium or can be transferred on a transmission medium, like a wireless transmission medium ora wired transmission medium, like the Internet, for example.

The inventively encoded audio signal can be stored on a digital storage medium or can be transferred on a transmission medium, like a wireless transmission medium or a wired transmission medium, like the Internet, for example.

Depending on certain implementation requirements, embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or in software. The implementation can be performed using a digital storage medium, for example a floppy disk, a DVD, a Blu-Ray disc, a CD, an ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or a FLASH memory, a hard drive or another magnetic or optical memory having electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate or are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system such that the respective method is performed. Therefore, the digital storage medium may be computer-readable.

Some embodiments according to the invention include a data carrier comprising electronically readable control signals, which are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system such that one of the methods described herein is performed.

Generally, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, the program code being operative for performing one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.

The program code may, for example, be stored on a machine-readable carrier.

Other embodiments comprise the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, wherein the computer program is stored on a machine-readable carrier.

In other words, an embodiment of the inventive method is a computer program comprising a program code for performing one of the methods described herein, when the computer program runs on a computer.

Another embodiment of the inventive method consequently is a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) which the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is recorded on. The data carrier, the digital storage medium or the computer-readable medium are typically objective and/or non-transient or non-transitional.

A further embodiment of the inventive method is a data stream or a sequence of signals representing the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.

The data stream or the sequence of signals may, for example, be configured to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.

A further embodiment comprises processing means, for example a computer, or a programmable logic device, configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.

A further embodiment comprises a computer having installed thereon the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.

A further embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or a system configured to transfer a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein to a receiver. The transmission can be performed electronically or optically, for example. The receiver may, for example, be a computer, a mobile device, a memory device or the like. The device or system may, for example, comprise a file server for transferring the computer program to the receiver.

In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (for example a field-programmable gate array, FPGA) may be used to perform some or all of the functionalities of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a field-programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor in order to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, in some embodiments, the methods are performed by any hardware device. This can be universally applicable hardware, such as a computer processor (CPU), or hardware specific for the method, such as ASIC.

The devices described herein may be implemented exemplarily using a hardware apparatus or using a computer or using a combination of a hardware apparatus and a computer.

The devices described herein, or any components of the devices described herein, may be implemented at least partly in hardware and/or in software (computer program).

The methods described herein may exemplarily be implemented using a hardware apparatus or using a computer or using a combination of a hardware apparatus and a computer.

The methods described herein, or any components of the methods described herein, may be executed at least partly by hardware and/or by software.

While this invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, there are alterations, permutations, and equivalents which will be apparent to others skilled in the art and which fall within the scope of this invention. It should also be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing the methods and compositions of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims be interpreted as including all such alterations, permutations, and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention. 

1. A data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit at least a part of the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver.
 2. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver and provided for further processing in the data receiver.
 3. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 2, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.
 4. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 3, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern in at least one of: a data field within the synchronization sub-data packet; at least a part of error protection data; at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver; a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and distributed over time and frequencies; a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization sub-data packet; a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet; a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet; a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet; a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet; a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet; a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.
 5. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted in a manner temporally synchronized to the plurality of sub-data packets.
 6. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the data transmitter is configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet temporally before the plurality of sub-data packets.
 7. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the data transmitter is configured to channel-encode the data and to divide the same onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain is achieved by a combination of a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit the first group of sub-data packets temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and the data transmitter being configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets.
 8. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the data transmitter is configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet instead of a sub-data packet of the plurality of sub-data packets.
 9. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is one among the plurality of sub-data packets.
 10. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver.
 11. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, the data transmitter being configured to transmit only the synchronization sub-data packet in the synchronization frequency channel.
 12. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, the data transmitter being configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet at a different bandwidth than the plurality of sub-data packets.
 13. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, the data transmitter being configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet at a different symbol rate than the plurality of sub-data packets.
 14. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, the data transmitter being configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet at a different modulation type than the plurality of sub-data packets.
 15. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, the data transmitter being configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet with a different transmission power than die plurality of sub-data packets.
 16. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, the data transmitter being configured to provide the synchronization sub-data packet with a different channel coding or with channel coding with a different error protection than the plurality of sub-data packets.
 17. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted are channels of a frequency band which is associated to the data transmitter.
 18. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted are channels of different frequency bands.
 19. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, the data transmitter being configured to repeatedly emit the synchronization sub-data packet.
 20. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, the data transmitter being configured to divide the synchronization sub-data packet onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and transit the same at a time interval so that there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the synchronization partial sub-data packets.
 21. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 20, the data transmitter being configured to transmit the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets in different dedicated synchronization frequency channels.
 22. The data transmitter in accordance claim 21, the data transmitter being configured to transmit the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets in the different dedicated synchronization frequency channels at different transmission powers.
 23. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 20, the data transmitter being configured to transmit the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets within the bandwidth of the same synchronization frequency channel at different transmission frequencies.
 24. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 20, wherein one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets comprises a synchronization sequence, and wherein a second one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted.
 25. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the activation information is at least one of: an indicator indicating whether the data are to be received; address information of the data transmitter, or information derived therefrom; address information of a group of data transmitters which the data transmitter is associated to, or information derived therefrom; address information of the data receiver, or information derived therefrom; and address information of a group of data receivers which the data receiver is associated to, or information derived therefrom.
 26. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 1, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises configuration information for receiving the plurality of sub-data packets.
 27. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 26, wherein the configuration information is at least one of: a data rate; a channel code; a code rate; a modulation alphabet; a modulation type; a pilot sequence; a frequency offset; a time offset; and a quartz tolerance.
 28. A data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in a plurality of frequency channels in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a synchronization frequency channel fixed relative to the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver.
 29. The data transmitter in accordance with claim 28, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver and provided for further processing in the data receiver.
 30. A data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; wherein the data receiver is configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver and, in case the data are destined for the data receiver, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets.
 31. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted; the data receiver being configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.
 32. The data receiver in accordance with claim 31, the data receiver being configured to extract the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern from at least one of: a data field within the synchronization sub-data packet; at least a part of error protection data; at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver; a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and distributed over time and frequencies; a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization sub-data packet; a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet; a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet; a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet; a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet; a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet; a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.
 33. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted in a temporally synchronized manner to the plurality of sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets in a manner temporally synchronized to the synchronization sub-data packet.
 34. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, the data receiver being configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet temporally before the plurality of sub-data packets.
 35. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the data are channel-coded and divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data, and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain is achieved by combining a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets; wherein the first group of sub-data packets is transmitted temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the second group of sub-data packets is transmitted; wherein the data receiver is configured to receive the second group of sub-data packets using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.
 36. The data receiver in accordance with claim 35, the data receiver being configured to combine and decode the second group of sub-data packets to acquire the data.
 37. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein a receive bandwidth of the data receiver is smaller than a bandwidth over which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted distributed in the frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.
 38. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, the data receiver comprising a receive unit configured to output hard-decision bits.
 39. The data receiver in accordance with claim 31, the data receiver being a one-channel receiver able to receive at the same time only on one frequency channel of a plurality of frequency channels of a frequency band; the data receiver being configured to switch between the frequency channels of the frequency band in accordance with the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern in order to receive the plurality of sub-data packets transmitted on the respective frequency channels in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.
 40. The data receiver in accordance with claim 39, the data receiver being configured to monitor the synchronization frequency channel to receive the synchronization sub-data packet; and the data receiver being configured to switch, after receiving the synchronization sub-data packet, between the frequency channels of the frequency band in correspondence with the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern to receive the plurality of sub-data packets transmitted on the respective frequency channels in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern.
 41. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver; the data receiver being configured to detect the synchronization sub-data packet using a reference synchronization sequence in a receive data stream.
 42. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, the data receiver being configured to receive only the synchronization sub-data packet on the synchronization frequency channel.
 43. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, the data receiver being configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet at a lower bandwidth than the plurality of sub-data packets.
 44. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, the data receiver being configured to receive the synchronization sub-data packet using a different modulation type than the plurality of sub-data packets.
 45. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted at a different transmission power than the plurality of sub-data packets.
 46. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is provided with a different channel coding or with channel coding comprising a different error protection than the plurality of sub-data packets.
 47. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted are channels of a frequency band which is associated with the data transmitter and the data receiver.
 48. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted are channels of different frequency bands.
 49. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted repeatedly; the data receiver being configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets based on at least one of the repeatedly emitted synchronization sub-data packets or a combination of the repeatedly emitted synchronization sub-data packets.
 50. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and at a time interval so that there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the synchronization partial sub-data packets.
 51. The data receiver in accordance with claim 50, the data receiver being configured to receive the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets on different dedicated synchronization frequency channels.
 52. The data receiver in accordance with claim 51, wherein the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets are transmitted on the different dedicated synchronization frequency channels at different transmission powers.
 53. The data receiver in accordance with claim 51, the data receiver being configured to receive the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets within the bandwidth of the same synchronization frequency channel at different transmission frequencies.
 54. The data receiver in accordance with claim 50, the data receiver being configured to receive and combine the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets to acquire the synchronization sub-data packet.
 55. The data receiver in accordance with claim 50, wherein one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets comprises a synchronization sequence, and wherein a second one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted; wherein the data receiver is configured to detect the first one of the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets using a reference synchronization sequence in a receive data stream and to receive, based on a known time/frequency interval between the at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets, the at least one further synchronization partial sub-data packet to acquire the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.
 56. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the activation information is at least one of: an indicator indicating whether the data are to be received; address information of the data transmitter, or information derived therefrom; address information of a group of data transmitters which the data transmitter is associated to, or information derived therefrom; address information of the data receiver, or information derived therefrom; and address information of a group of data receivers which the data receiver is associated to, or information derived therefrom.
 57. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises configuration information for receiving the plurality of sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive the plurality of sub-data packets in correspondence with the configuration information.
 58. The data receiver in accordance with claim 57, wherein the configuration information is at least one of: a data rate; a channel code; a code rate; a modulation alphabet; a modulation type; a pilot sequence; a frequency offset; a time offset; and a quartz tolerance.
 59. The data receiver in accordance with claim 30, wherein the data receiver is a data receiver which is able to receive data only on one frequency channel at the same time.
 60. A data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in a plurality of frequency channels in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; wherein the data receiver is configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a synchronization frequency channel which is fixed relative to the frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; wherein the data receiver is configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver and, in case the data are destined for the data receiver, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets.
 61. A repeater configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern to acquire a plurality of received sub-data packets, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets; the repeater being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which the repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; wherein the repeater is configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly and, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.
 62. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, the repeater being configured to emit the plurality of received sub-data packets again sub-data packet by sub-data packet to transmit the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.
 63. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, the repeater being configured to combine and decode the plurality of received sub-data packets to acquire the data; the repeater being configured to re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.
 64. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, the repeater being configured to combine and decode the plurality of received sub-data packets to acquire the data; the repeater being configured to re-encode the data and to divide information derived therefrom onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.
 65. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, wherein the data are coded and distributed to the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of error-free transmission, only a first group of sub-data packets of the plurality of sub-data packets is used for successfully decoding the data and such that, in the case of erroneous decoding, an increased code gain is achieved by a combination of the first group of sub-data packets and a second group of sub-data packets; the repeater being configured to decode the first group of received sub-data packets and, in case decoding was successful, to re-encode the data and divide the same onto at least a first group of repeated sub-data packets and emit the same before receiving a last sub-data packet of the plurality of sub-data packets.
 66. The repeater in accordance with claim 65, the repeater being configured to decode the first group of received sub-data packets and, in case decoding was not successful, to combine and decode the first group of received sub-data packets with the second group of received sub-data packets to acquire and re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.
 67. The repeater in accordance with claim 63, the repeater being configured to divide the data onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets such that a number of repeated sub-data packets is smaller than a number of the sub-data packets or received sub-data packets.
 68. The repeater in accordance with claim 63, the repeater being configured to re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets such that the plurality of sub-data packets and the plurality of repeated sub-data packets are combinable with one another at least partly on the receiver side to achieve a higher code gain.
 69. The repeater in accordance with claim 68, the repeater being configured to emit the plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with the repeated time/frequency hopping pattern such that the time/frequency hopping pattern and the repeated time/frequency hopping pattern result in a combined time/frequency hopping pattern which can be commonly received on the receiver side.
 70. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, the repeater being configured to emit the synchronization sub-data packet again or emit a newly generated synchronization sub-data packet on the fixed synchronization frequency channel or another fixed synchronization frequency channel.
 71. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, wherein the activation information is at least one of: an indicator indicating whether the data are to be received; address information of the data transmitter, or information derived therefrom; address information of a group of data transmitters which the data transmitter is associated to, or information derived therefrom; address information of the data receiver, or information derived therefrom; address information of a group of data receivers which the data receiver is associated to, or information derived therefrom; a counter indicating how often the data have already been emitted repeatedly.
 72. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, the repeater being configured to update the activation information and to emit the updated activation information with the synchronization sub-data packet.
 73. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, wherein the received time/frequency hopping pattern and the repeated time/frequency hopping pattern are equal or different.
 74. The repeater in accordance with claim 61, the repeater being configured to emit the plurality of repeated sub-data packets in a different frequency band than the plurality of received sub-data packets were received in.
 75. A system comprising: a data transmitter in accordance with claim 1; and a data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; wherein the data receiver is configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver and, in case the data are destined for the data receiver, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets; and/or a repeater configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern to acquire a plurality of received sub-data packets, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets; the repeater being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which the repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; wherein the repeater is configured to establish, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly and, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, to receive the plurality of sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.
 76. A method for transmitting data, comprising: dividing the data onto a plurality of sub-data packets; transmitting the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver.
 77. A method for receiving data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, the method comprising: receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel by a data receiver, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; establishing, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; and receiving the plurality of sub-data packets by the data receiver in case the data are destined for the data receiver.
 78. A method for repeatedly emitting data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, the method comprising: receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel by a repeater, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which the repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; establishing, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; receiving the plurality of sub-data packets by the repeater and repeatedly emitting the data by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets.
 79. A non-transitory digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for performing a method for transmitting data, comprising: dividing the data onto a plurality of sub-data packets; transmitting the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; transmitting a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver, when said computer program is run by a computer.
 80. A non-transitory digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for performing a method for receiving data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, the method comprising: receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel by a data receiver, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which a data receiver is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; establishing, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are destined for the data receiver; and receiving the plurality of sub-data packets by the data receiver in case the data are destined for the data receiver, when said computer program is run by a computer.
 81. A non-transitory digital storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for performing a method for repeatedly emitting data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets, the method comprising: receiving a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel by a repeater, wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises activation information using which the repeater is able to establish whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; establishing, using the activation information, whether the data transmitted by means of the plurality of sub-data packets are to be emitted repeatedly; receiving the plurality of sub-data packets by the repeater and repeatedly emitting the data by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, in case the data are to be emitted repeatedly, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets, when said computer program is run by a computer.
 82. A data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit at least a part of the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern in at least one of: at least a part of error protection data; at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver; a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and distributed over time and frequency; a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization sub-data packet; a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet; a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet; a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet; a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet; a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet; a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.
 83. A data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted; wherein the plurality of sub-data packets are received using the information on the time/frequency hopping patter; wherein the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern is extracted from at least one of: a data field within the synchronization sub-data packet; at least a part of error protection data; at least a part of a synchronization sequence for synchronizing the synchronization sub-data packet in a data receiver; a hopping pattern in correspondence with which the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted divided onto at least two synchronization partial sub-data packets and distributed over time and frequencies; a hopping pattern between the emission of the synchronization sub-data packet and a repeated emission of the synchronization sub-data packet; a data rate of the synchronization sub-data packet; a channel code of the synchronization sub-data packet; a code rate of the synchronization sub-data packet; a modulation alphabet of the synchronization sub-data packet; a modulation type of the synchronization sub-data packet; a frequency offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; a time offset of the synchronization sub-data packet; and a quartz tolerance of the data transmitter which the synchronization sub-data packet is dependent on.
 84. A data transmitter configured to divide data onto a plurality of sub-data packets and to transmit at least a part of the plurality of sub-data packets distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the data transmitter is configured to channel-encode the data and to divide the same onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain is achieved by a combination of a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets; the data transmitter being configured to transmit the first group of sub-data packets temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and the data transmitter being configured to transmit the synchronization sub-data packet after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets.
 85. A data receiver configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the sub-data packets; the data receiver being configured to receive a synchronization sub-data packet on a fixed synchronization frequency channel; wherein the synchronization frequency channel and frequency channels in which the plurality of sub-data packets are mainly transmitted in correspondence with the time/frequency hopping pattern are different; wherein the data are channel-encoded and divided onto the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of a successful transmission thereof, only a second group of sub-data packets is used for decoding the data and such that, in the case of an erroneous transmission, a higher code gain is achieved by a combination of a first group of sub-data packets and the second group of sub-data packets; wherein the first group of sub-data packets is transmitted temporally before the second group of sub-data packets, and wherein the synchronization sub-data packet is transmitted after the first group of sub-data packets and before the second group of sub-data packets; wherein the synchronization sub-data packet comprises information on the time/frequency hopping pattern with which the second group of sub-data packets is transmitted; wherein the data receiver is configured to receive the second group of sub-data packets using the information on the time/frequency hopping pattern.
 86. A repeater configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern to acquire a plurality of received sub-data packets, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets; wherein the data are coded and distributed to the plurality of sub-data packets such that, in the case of error-free transmission, only a first group of sub-data packets of the plurality of sub-data packets is used for successfully decoding the data and such that, in the case of erroneous decoding, an increased code gain is achieved by a combination of the first group of sub-data packets and a second group of sub-data packets; the repeater being configured to decode the first group of received sub-data packets and, in case decoding was successful, to re-encode the data and divide the same onto at least a first group of repeated sub-data packets and emit the same before receiving a last sub-data packet of the plurality of sub-data packets.
 87. A repeater configured to receive data transmitted divided onto a plurality of sub-data packets and distributed in correspondence with a time/frequency hopping pattern to acquire a plurality of received sub-data packets, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured to emit the data repeatedly by emitting a plurality of repeated sub-data packets in correspondence with a repeated time/frequency hopping pattern, wherein there are transmission intermissions where no transmission takes place, between the plurality of repeated sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured to combine and decode the plurality of receives sub-data packets to acquire the data: the repeater being configured to re-encode the data and divide the same onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets, or wherein the repeater is configured to re-encode the data and divide information derived therefrom onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets; wherein the repeater is configured to divide the data onto the plurality of repeated sub-data packets such that a number of repeated sub-data packets is smaller than a number of the sub-data packets or received sub-data packets. 